Site Map 1:

Boiler Works,Falcon Iron, Firebrick, Globe Foundry, Gristmill, Ward Iron Works, Ward Blast Furnace, Mosquito Creek, Mahoning River.

Site Map 2:

Firebrick, Globe Foundry, Ward Sheet Iron Works (Russia Field), Meander Creek, Mahoning River.

The first iron furnace west of the Allegheny Mountains. It was built in 1807 by Gideon Hughes and operated by William McKinley Sr. father of President William McKinley. PO 7.93

The Milltown: the Early Years 1843 - 1873

The industrial history of Niles entered a new phase with the death of Warren Heaton in 1842. The pioneer work done by James Heaton and his son. Warren, came to an end, and was followed by a period of rapid industrial growth.

A new generation of industrial leaders established a number of new and greater enterprises that spurred the growth of Niles as a manufacturing center. The completion of the Pennsylvania-Ohio Canal and the availability of raw iron from Heaton’s “Maria” furnace were probably factors which brought James Ward, Sr., his brother, William, and Thomas Russell to Niles from Lisbon, Ohio in 1841 to build their first plant here.

Coming from England where the manufacture of iron was more advanced, the Wards applied their improved technology when they built three puddling furnaces and a stand of rolls in the first plant. This enterprise on the banks of the Mahoning River, east of Main Street, used the first puddling furnaces and rolled the first iron west of Pittsburgh. When the antiquated “Maria” furnace closed, James Ward, Sr., constructed the “Elizabeth” furnace just across the Mosquito Creek. The new furnace was vastly superior to the old, producing as much as twenty-eight tons of iron daily, compared to the mere three which the old “Maria” turned out.

James Ward, Sr. was the city’s industrial leader during this period until struck down by an assassin’s bullet, July 24, 1864. Control of the Ward enterprises then fell to his son, James Ward, Jr. The Ward enterprises continued to expand, stimulated by new factors, including the arrival of railroads after 1856. A new source of local iron ore was discovered by John Lewis under the Mineral Ridge coal deposits. These events, coupled with the huge industrial demands created by the Civil War induced the Wards to rebuild and greatly enlarge their original plant. But the Wards moved in new directions, too. In 1867, the famous Falcon Iron & Nail Company was constructed on the east bank of the Mosquito Creek, opposite the old Heaton grist mill. The next year, using a process for producing polished steel sheets developed in Russia, they built the “Russia Field” mill on the north bank of the Mahoning River, east of Lisbon line railroad bridge. The last major Ward plant was a new iron furnace raised by William Ward and Company on the east side of the creek, south of the Erie Railroad. It had a productive capacity of twenty-six tons per day.

These enterprises lifted the Wards to preeminence, but other industrialists, mostly Niles men, also contributed to the city’s increasing industrialization. Thomas Carter established the Globe Foundry, on the south side of the river, in 1858. Harris, Blackford and Company built a puddling and rolling mill north of the Erie Railroad, near the Heaton Dam. George and Jerimiah Reeves constructed the Niles Boiler Works on the east bank of the creek, near the Erie tracks.

One of the most enduring industries started at this time was the Niles Firebrick Company, established by John R. Thomas in 1872. It stood at the confluence of the Mosquito Creek and Mahoning River.

On the eve of the Great Panic of 1873, Niles was a hive of industry with two blast furnaces, four extensive rolling mills with puddling furnaces, the large nail works, the Globe Foundry, a boiler works and a brickyard.

Part 2: Milltown, Panic and Recovery 1874-1900
Part 3: Milltown, Merger and Diversification 1900-1929

James Heaton's “Maria” blast furnace built in 1812 on the west bank of the Mosquito Creek. Its fires went out in 1854. Very primitive but none-the-less functional. Fuel was charcoal. “Kidney” ore was melted producing 2-3 tons of pig iron per day. Molten iron was ladled out with long handled dippers into moulds or sows to make pig iron. PO 1.553

Photo of the Globe Foundry & Machine Works in Niles, Ohio. Founded in 1858, it operated until after WWI. PO 1.545

Smoky industrial skyline of Niles at the peak of iron manufacturing, descibed by historian Howe in 1888 as “among the most extensive in the state.”

This photo is captioned Falcon Iron & Nail Co.'s Mills. Galvanizing works and Coleman Shields Co. Mills, Niles, Ohio. PO1.519

The crew of the Falcon Iron & Nail Co. PO1.522

Photo of nails manufactured at the Falcon Nail Co. Also Blaine & Logan imprimatur. PO 1.518

All structures were part of Ward Enterprises, by 1900 they had all been demolished.

Built in 1870 by William Ward and known as the Wm. Ward & Co blast Furnace, it failed in the Panic of 1873. It was purchased by John R. Thomas in 1879 who increased capacity from 25 to 320 tons. In 1900 it became part of the Carnegie Steel Co. but was operated only in times of great demand for steel, the last period of steady use being WWI. Closed in 1920, dismantled in 1925. This picture shows the original Ward Blast Furnace. PO1.634

The Niles Firebrick Co. was constructed by John R. Thomas in 1872 and was one of Niles' most enduring industries. It was known nationwide for its high quality firebrick.

The new type of blast furnaces introduced after WWII made firebrick obsolete and the plant closed and was dismantled in 1974-75. PO1.562

In 1867, James Ward II sent a represenative to Russia to report on the possibility of manu-facturing “Russia Iron”, a high grade product much in demand for stove manufacturing.

Upon a favorable report, the “Russia Sheet Mill” was built on the north bank of the Mahoning River, east of the Lisbon branch of Erie RR. PO1.621